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Press Release - ESAT’s PrejudiceDate: August 17, 2018Press Release The Global Harari Unity Advocacy Council believes that democracy exists only with a free and unfettered press. The Council does not agree with a press that disseminates false and unfounded information that could have the potential to ignite violence, as we repeatedly witnessed a broadcast through the so-called ESAT television network that has declared open war on the legitimacy of the Harari State. Though this outlet is known to be an equivalent of the old Pravda propaganda machine of the Soviet era, it has to be identified for what it stands for- to promote the supremacy of Amhara culture and tradition over every region that has been annexed through the territorial aggrandizement policy of their emperors. ESAT, certainly represents the worst in media practice, having justified its hidden agenda that stands on the way of the peaceful coexistence of peoples by broadcasting unfounded and often out of sync information -
A PREJUDICED DEMEANOUR-Date: November, 2019A PREJUDICED DEMEANOUR Habetamu Ayalew's Misappropriated Journalism of(Hear it all from me, Takeit from me &Believein me, I know it all!)and His Repulsive perception on Harar " In a sound journalistic platform, a responsible media strives to impart and deliver a discourse on a subject matter responsibly enough having correct background information be it on verbatim, recorded archived history or self physical observations without favour and bias. It is hoped that Ethio360media does endeavour to uphold journalistic etiquette and dictum of do not cause harm and do not infringe on the rights of others nor be the vessel for disharmony, disgruntlement and misgivings rather strives to maintain the highest standard of neutrality. Nevertheless while acknowledging the right of freedom of expression which is as well premised within a context of responsibility in imparting informations in its actuality and truthfulness, Having heard Habetamu Ayalew's narration such unwarranted vilification on the people of Harar and selectively on Abdella Sherif shouldn't be ignored as it is inflammatory, prejudicial, bias, defamatory and demeaning having an ulterior motive to garner political expediency and malicious intent." <strong -
WHY YOU FORSAKEN ME?Date: 2019WHY YOU FORSAKEN ME? Cowed in Silence or Political Apathy "The Harar region that had experienced a tumultuous political upheaval, colossal social and economical misappropriation, religious erosion and subjugation for decades, as the political tide changed after the fall of the military rule Harar had to come to terms to embrace a new model of political format and a formation of a regional establishment in accordance to the script of the ruling EPRDF. Thus the establishment of Region 13 the Harar region with its political geographical landmark of (Jegol & Hundanaa) came to being. The inception of this region was graced by massive euphoria and exaltation from the public at large and gave birth to the formation of a political party in the history of Harari's after along decade that was given the soul mandate to govern and administer the Harar region named and referred as the Harari National League (HNL) with the hope that it shall deliver and meet the expectation of the people primarily on" -
"Heard about the Good-Deed-Sayers?" Islam and everyday conversations on religious difference in Harar, EthiopiaDate: January 2019In this article, I take the absence of public religious debates, sermons and of displays of piety as a starting point to explore the ambiguous ways in which people in the Ethiopian city of Harar express religious difference through everyday talk. Drawing on two specific social situations, daily morning strolls and afternoon cat1 chewing sessions, I illustrate that Harari men claim, maintain and strengthen religious affiliation and difference through acts of exclusion and self-identification in the form of chit-chat, gossip and artful narratives. Given that Harar is considered an important centre of Islam at the Horn of Africa, I frame the religious issues at stake in relation to changes in the religious and political landscape of Ethiopia since the nineteen-nineties that have influenced religious discord and triggered strong identity politics among ethnic groups in the city. Against this background, I investigate social consequences and strategies of avoidance among Harari men who are anxious to be the target of gossip and backbiting. -
QUEEN ARAWEILODate:..... the houses might well have been constructed, and the streets laid out, by men who built Zanzibar, or Harrar. But the smaller houses, all two-roomed, were of uniform plan - two interior walls, at right angles, set against a back corner of the shell, forming one small, inner, rectangular chamber that opened on to a larger L-shaped outer room..... -
THE OROMO OF ETHIOPIA, 1500-1850 : WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON THE GIBE REGIONDate:Thesis submitted for; the degree of Ph.D. of the University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies, 1983. ......The Rise of a new Muslim power in Harar It is ironic that at the very time when the initiative had passed from the hand of Christian emperors to the hand of Adal sultans, effective power started slipping out of the hands of the dynasty that had borne the brunt of the struggle against the Christians. Gradually power passed into the hands of the landed Harari nobility, who championed the cause of Islam, This started in the second half of the fifteenth century... -
Hararies' life in Addis Ababa From 1920s to 1970Date:ቡዕቲ ባድቤ መውጣእ ዚናሩቦ አታዩ ማህደግማ አላይ ኩፎኝ መሌጣ በኒአደም ሃያት ዞባህ ዚትቃተራ ሺኢንታ። ኡሱእ ወልዲ አታይ መናዋጥ ባድ መህድግማ ኪል አለጋ ባድ መሌጣ ይቡርዲበዛላች ኹንቲያች የትኺትላዛል አዳንታ። ዪ ኹንቲያች አው ሰበባች ባድቤ አማንነት መትቀበጥ፣ ፈረት ዘጋህቤ መትሪአዞ፣ አዊን መንዚል ጠቢአ መትናወጥማ ደረር መትሬኸብዞ፣ አዊን ቃጪ አዳዋ ባድ መልሀድዋ ኡሱኡ ታብ ሞሻ አዊን ኢቅቲሳድ መዴአፍማ ዲላጋ አልመግኛ አዊን ኢቆት መፋጫዋ ዲኑው ነሽሪ አው መዝጋጋህ ሞሻንታ። -
Essays in Ethiopian Manuscript Studies Proceedings of the International Conference Manuscripts and Texts, Languages and Contexts: the Transmission of Knowledge in the Horn of Africa Hamburg, 17–19 July 2014Date: 2015Waqfiyyas of books from Harar Waqf in Ethiopia has been so far an almost completely unstudied field: only two general studies by Hussein Ahmed are available on this topic22 but no Ethiopian waqfiyya has been published nor research has been conducted on waqf of Ethiopian Islamic books and libraries….. -
The visual resonances of a Harari Qur’ān: An 18th century Ethiopian manuscript and its Indian Ocean connectionsDate:Although not widely recognized as Harari, a Qur’ān manuscript in the Khalili Collection in London (QUR706) provides an opportunity to consider long-distance artistic circulations and encounters in the early modern Indian Ocean. Dated to 1162/1749, the Khalili Qur’ān can be linked with Mamluk and earlier Indian Qur’ān manuscripts through its illuminations and its use of biḥārī script, a type rarely seen outside of India. Later inscriptions in the Qur’ān record its eventual arrival in Zanzibar. The transregional visual resonances of the manuscript, and its later circulation, highlight the position not only of Harar as a regional artistic center within Ethiopia, but also that of the Horn of Africa within a broader Indian Ocean ecumene. Focusing on the Khalili Qur’ān, this essay will explore Harar’s nuanced engagement and selective participation in networks of artistic circulation and exchanges and their role in the formation of a Harari visual idiom within the burgeoning globalization of 18th-century Ethiopia. -
The Indian Firm G. M. Mohamedally & Co in Ethiopia (1886- 1937)Date: 2015The Indian presence in Ethiopia has attracted little attention in Ethiopian historiography. Yet Indian businessmen were as instrumental to Ethiopia’s early 20th century economy as they were in British East Africa at the same period. As part of a broader research project aimed at addressing this gap, this article explores the life and achievements of Mohamedally Shaikh Sharafaly, the best known of these Indian businessmen, who set up one of the largest commercial and industrial businesses in Ethiopia. The account follows the narrative of an un-published letter the merchant wrote in 1940 about his business trajectory. From his arrival in Harar in the late 19th century to the eventual expulsion of his company in 1937, his story is highly revealing of the political context in which large foreign businesses would emerge, involving both friendship with the Ethiopian emperors and diplomatic protection, in the case of Indians as British subjects...... -
LES HARLA : ARCHÉOLOGIE ET MÉMOIRE DES GÉANTS D’ÉTHIOPIEDate:p r o p o s i t i o n d e s é q u e n c e h i s t o r i q u e p o u r l e s s i t e s d u č̣ä r č̣ä r Les « Harla » sont une population qui apparaît à partir du xiiie siècle dans quelques sources écrites anciennes d’Éthiopie ou relatives à l’Éthiopie, telles que le récit des guerres d’Amdä Ṣǝyon, souverain chrétien du xive siècle, ou le Futūḥ al-Ḥabaša (xvie siècle), récit du ğihād musulman lancé au début du xvie siècle par des musulmans d’Éthiopie contre le royaume chrétien2. Des populations actuelles d’Éthiopie s’appliquent à elles-mêmes ou se voient appliquer… -
First Footsteps in the Archaeology of Harar, EthiopiaDate: 2017…..Investigating the origins of Harar archaeologically is one of the primary aims of the research project “Becoming Muslim: Conversion to Islam and Islamization in Eastern Ethiopia” funded by the European Research Council (ERC-AdG-2015 694254-BM) for which Timothy Insoll is Principal Investigator. This is a project exploring the contexts of conversion, i.e. why certain sub-Saharan African cities such as Harar were key points for conversion to Islam, and the processes of, and factors influencing conversion, which besides genuine belief include the impact of trade, Saints, Sufis and Holy men, proselytization, benefits gained from Arabic literacy and administration systems, enhanced power, prestige, warfare, and belonging to the larger Muslim community. -
Archaeological Survey and Test Excavations, Harari Regional State, Ethiopia,Date: July-August 2014A Preliminary Fieldwork Report In July-August 2014 surveys and test excavations were completed in Harari Regional State in eastern Ethiopia. The primary aim of the fieldwork was to begin to reconstruct a chronology and ceramics typology for the city of Harar and outlying settlements such as Ganda Harla and Koromi (cf. Insoll 2003: 78). A secondary aim was to start to assess the myths and legends linked with some settlements and populations in the region – be it Arab origins for the Argobba (cf. Asfaw 2000: 174-175), or great physical stature for the Harla (cf. Chekroun et al. 2011: 79; Joussaume 1976: 32)…. -
Council For An Autonomous Jewish Province in HarrarDate: 1938-1944Correspondence Letteres between Jewish council, US, and Ethiopia ......My proposal is to unite the so-called HARRAR-territory of Ethiopia with part of British-Somaliland and create there a state for the European Jews..... -
THE RELEVANCY OF HARARI VALUES IN SELF REGULATION AND AS A MECHANISM OF BEHAVIORAL CONTROL: HISTORICAL ASPECTSDate: 2016The subject under consideration in this dissertation is various values of a particular society who refer to themselves as gey usu (people of the city). To expound how they utilize values to regulate their members’ behaviors and the relations they have with other people four entities are identified: Family, educational, trade and social institutions. Family as the basic institution is discussed to expound how birth and marriage ceremonies are perceived by Hararis. How these events are surrounded by various symbols with the values enshrined in them, which are expressed through rituals, actions, words and gestures, are as well expounded. The mechanisms how these symbols are used to regulate individual and social behaviors are also discussed. Education as one of the vital instruments to develop the individuals and the society which should enjoy continuous sufficiency and prosperity is also discussed. How successful the society is in achieving these goals is dependent on the values the education system is promoting. Trade, which is much related with Harar and Hararis history, how it is used as a means of securing and maintaining peace through concessions to other people is discussed. This dissertation suggests the underlying ideas of peaceful trade are values such as righteousness, honesty, sincerity, diligence, trust, non-discrimination and fairness in the relations among traders. The Harari social institutions are used to control the behaviors of their members and the relations the community should have with other communities -
HISTORY OF HARAR AND THE HARARISDate: 2015......This book presents the history of Harar and the Harari people, from ancient times to the 1990s aims to: o Offer a general overview of the origin of the Harari people; o Narrate the kaleidoscopic political history of Harari people and the City of Harar from early times up to the 1990’s; o Explain the historical dynamics of Harar’s sophisticated economy; o Analyse the time tested social organizations of the Harari people; o Discuss the rich cultural values of the Harari people, and o Elaborate the contribution of the Harari civilization to Ethiopia and its influence an Empire and City-State in eastern Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa..... -
Production Scenarios of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) in Harari Regional State, Eastern EthiopiaDate: 2014Mango production covers 35% of the total acreage allotted for fruit production in Harari Regional State, eastern Ethiopia. However, there is a declining trend in yield and quality of fruits from the trees. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the status, practices and challenges of mango production in the study area. -
Harar Jugol, the Fortified Historic Town ( UNESCO )Date:The fortified historic town of Harar is located in the eastern part of Ethiopia, 525 km from the capital of Addis Ababa, on a plateau with deep gorges surrounded by deserts and savannah. The walls surrounding this sacred city, considered “the fourth holy city” of Islam, were built between the 13th and 16th centuries and served as a protective barrier. There were five historic gates, which corresponded to the main roads to the town and also served to divide the city into five neighbourhoods, but this division is not functional anymore. The Harar gate, from where the main streets lead to the centre, is of recent construction.....
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Review Taxes, tax payers and collectors-pre and post Menelik: Harari experienceDate:Historically, Harar as a trade center linked the high land of Ethiopia with the rest of the world. While merchants were taking out from and bringing in products and services to Harar they were taxed by various institutions. -
The Traditional Secular Music of the Harari: Its State in History and Present DayDate: 2002Abstract This article chiefly discusses the traditional secular music of the Harari community residing in the Harari People's National Regional State, one of the nine Ethiopian administrative regions (Kələloč). In doing so musical styles such as Saley, Ğaliyei and Dersi and their distinct features (melody, rhythm, and lyric) will be taken into closer consideration. -
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Journey to Shoa, an Attempt to Visit HararDate: 1868(From Page 42) “In the first place I hired a hut belonging to a Mohamedan woman a native of the place, a widow with two children; her husband had been killed on his way to Harrar by the Adaiel. Her name was Miriam; she acted as my housekeeper, so that I had not the trouble of attending the markets. The hut was nearly circular, with a sort of box attached to it about ten feet in diameter; my bed was placed in the box or recess. There was a rude court on one side for visitors, the kitchen on the other side; so that it at once formed bedroom, parlour, and kitchen. It wag so scantily thatched that it would keep out neither wind nor rain— quite a Jack Straw's house. A few evenings after I had taken up my abode there, Hajji Sayad being in the hut, my worthy hostess, having prepared coffee and burnt frankincense, asked Sayad to say a prayer; he quoted part of the Koran, and concluded with " May the Most High God protect and preserve him from all his enemies, and may he return to his father's house in peace!" my hostess continually repeating " Ameen, Ameen." I was indeed much affected, for they both appeared to be sincere. During a sojourn of three months I experienced many acts of kindness from these poor people; verily they acted the part of good Samaritans.”
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TRANSACTIONS OF THE BOMBAY GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETYDate: 1847 - 1849TRANSACTIONS OF THE BOMBAY GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY 1847 – 1849. By Bombay Geographical Society “ART. VIII.—Memoir on the Western or Edoor Tribes, inhabiting the Somali Coast of N. E. Africa; with the Southern Branches of the Family of Darrood, resident on the banks of the Webbi Shebeyli, commonly called the River Webbi. By Lieutenant C. J. CRDTTENDEN, Indian Navy, Assistant Political Agent at Aden.—Dated Aden, 10th April, 1848.” “The city of Hurrur, in the province of that name, though hardly in the Somali country, is closely connected with it by its commerce, especially by its slave trade. Mr. McQueen, in his valuable Geographical survey of Africa, places it, in my opinion, too far to the southward and westward; It is eight days’ journey for a kafila of camels from Zeyla to Hurrur, and nine days from Berbera, and this would place it in about Latitude 9°22′ N. and Longitude 42°35′ E. A tradition exists amongst tht people of Hurrur, that the prosperity of their city depends upon the exclusion of all foreigners not of the Moslem faith, and Christians are especially interdicted. From what I have been able to gather, the traveller would hardly be repaid for the risk and fatigue that he would have to undergo ; and if he travelled as an European, he would be exposed to much insult and ill feeling from the bigoted ruler and inhabitants of the place, who, sunk in the lowest ignorance, still plume themselves upon their superior sanctity as followers of the true faith. The Government, founded, in all probability, during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, when the Turks held possession of Aden, is hereditary, and held by an Emir, all of whose male relatives, as was formerly the case in Shoa, are closely imprisoned, as a guard against domestic treachery. The Emir’s house is perpetually surrounded with guards, and no one dares to pass the gate of the court-yard mounted, or at a walk—he must cover his face and run. The Emir’s guard is composed of perhaps sixty matchlock-men, and ho has also a body of native spearmen in his pay.”
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FUTUH-AL-HABASHDate: