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Reviewed Work(s): Afocha: A Link between Community and Administration in Harar, Ethiopia by Peter Koehn and Sidney R. Waldron-MaxwellDate:Northeast African Studies, 4, 1 (1982): 65-67 REVIEW OF Peter Koehn and Sidney R. Waldron-Maxwell , Afooha : A Link between Community and Administration in Harar 3 Ethiopia. Syracuse, New York: School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University. Pp. 120, 6 maps. Mohamed Hassen School of Oriental and African Studies University of London Harar, the present provincial capital of Hararghe administrative region, used to be a unique center in North East Africa. Before the Addis Abeba- Djibouti railway road by-passed the city and made the old caravan route obsolete at the beginning of this century (thus undermining the mercantile economy of the city), Harar was a major commercial entrepot whose fame spread far and wide and led to prosperity for its citizens. Located 175 miles southwest of the port of Zeila and 219 miles from the port of Berbera, Harar was the center at which a number of major and minor caravan routes met. Along the caravan routes that linked ports of the northern Somali coast with Southern Ethiopia there were a number of commercial centers (settlements). Today there are no less than twenty-one ruined commercial settlements between Zeila and Harar. Some still dot the Ogaden region, while others are found in the region between Harar and Bale. -
AFOČADate: 1965 -
Anwar MasjeedDate: 1967/1975 -
Ethnomedicinal plants used to treat human ailments in the prehistoric place of Harla and Dengego valleys, eastern EthiopiaDate: 2018Traditional medicines remained as the most affordable and easily accessible source of treatment inthe primary health care system among diverse communities in Ethiopia. The Oromo community living in theprehistoric Harla and Dengego valleys has long history of ethnomedicinal know-how and practice against humanand livestock ailments. However, this rich ethnomedicinal knowledge had been remained unexplored hitherto.This study focus on the comprehensive ethnomedicinal investigation in an attempt to safeguard the deterioratingethnomedicinal knowledge that can be used as a steppingstone for phytochemical and pharmacological analysis. -
Assessment of Traditional Medicine Utilization in Harar Town, Eastern EthiopiaDate: 2018Traditional medicine (TM) has been part of man’s survival for long time. Harar is an ancient trade route and has a close proximity to the red sea. The use of TM is common and the majority of its habitants use TM. This study was conducted to assess why Harar households continued to prefer and depend on the utilization of TM as part of their healthcare system. Community based cross sectional study was conducted to select head of 423 households. Data was collected using face to face interview with a semi structured questionnaires and descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviations, frequencies and percentages were performed to examine the outcomes and associated factors. The result shown that 60.50% of the households preferred to use TM as their primary health care services and used TM for curative of ailments because TM had minimal side effects compared to modern medications. Socio demographic factors had no significant association to TM use; however, other associated factors had strong association with TM use. Personal experience such as minimal side effect of TM, attitudes towards TM use such as cost effectiveness, effective for specific diseases and quality service such as ready availability of TM had strong association to TM utilization. It was concluded that TM is still continued to play a significant role in healthcare of many households of Harar town because TM is dependable, affordable, safe and cost effective. -
FUTUL Al Habash ...V2-2 (Amharic)Date: 1974 -
FUTUL Al Habash ...V2-1 (Amharic)Date: 1974 -
MalasayDate: 1990From Google Translator The Mäläsay must, at least according to the testimony of modern historians, have a have been a capable group. J. Doresse (1971: 205) counts the troops of the Gran and calls them: les Malasay, musulmans convertis de tout leur coeur à la défense de leur foi et conduits par l'Imam (Gran). A little later (Doresse 1971: 209) they stand next to one another irregular religious fighters (gazú) as "absolument des soldat musulmans – les Malasay" Around 1570 AD. it is then "chefs des malasay, troupes régulières musulmanes, fidèles à l'Ethiopia, "which the Emir of Harar has destroyed and with it an offensive on the part Särsä-Dengels (Doresse 1971: 231). R. Ferry (1962: 30) describes the mäläsay as one of the peoples in Gran's army, which of course is difficult to match with today's ethnic groups. to conclude: "gens analogues aux Somalis, mais plus intéressés à la guerre sainte." These Interpretations of the term mäläsay refer to its use in Arabic history about the first conquests of the Gran of 'Abdal-Qadir' Arabfaqih and its mention in two Ethiopian chronicles – in the so-called "Short Chronicle" and the Chronicle of the Särsä-Dengel – back. R. Basset (1897: 84 n.4) in his French adaptation of 'Arabfaqih tried an etymological interpretation. Starting from an Amharic Verb mälläsä with the special meaning "convert" or a Tigrinya verb mäläsä "to- return "one could perhaps explain the name; he suspects that it is "Converts," notes that the common word in Ge'ez for Muslims is tänbälat (cf. Dillmann, 1865: 562) is and refers to Portugal cited by Pereira (1887: 799 η. 17) Giesian reports from the 16th century, where this name is freely associated with the Amalekites is adorned. In his adaptation of the "Short Chronicle", in which the word mäläsay also appears in the report on the Gran Wars. , Basset (1883) abstained from any comment. F. Béguinot (1901: 18 η. 6) adopts Basset's conjecture in his Italian revision of the “Short Chronicle "and adds the note that the mäläsay…. -
THE MEDIEVAL MOSQUES OF NORA ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE IN ETHIOPIA*Date:In April-May of 2008, a team led by François-Xavier Fauvelle and Bertrand Hirsch carried out excavations on the Muslim site of Nora (Fauvelle and Hirsch, 2008: 339-376). The author of the article was in charge of the excavation of the great mosque and the study of the others mosques on the site. Apart from Aksum, Nora was the first town ever excavated extensively in Ethiopia. Located 20km to the north-east of the current town of Shewa Robit (in the Shewa Region) near to the village of Wässiso, the Nora site is located midway between the high plateau and the flood plain of the River Awash at an depth of approximately 1300m (Fig. 1). The site was discovered in January 2007 during some surveys to recognize the evidence of hitherto medieval settlements only known in primary sources (Fauvelle and Hirsch, 2011). It was a ruined town which extended over several hectares (Fig. 2). The elevation of many of the walls, particularly those of the Great Mosque, has been preserved. The town also provides evidence of street networks and access routes, town walls, necropolis compounds and possibly hydraulic facilities…… -
Scribal Practices in Arabic Manuscripts from Ethiopia: The ʿAjamization of Scribal Practices in Fuṣḥā and ʿAjamī Manuscripts from HaraDate: 2017This paper focuses on Arabic scribal practices in a corpus of Ethiopian Islamic manuscripts from the region of Harar ascribed to the period from the eighteenth to the early nineteenth century. Two different aspects will be considered, namely the characteristic realization of specific graphemes and the methods for the justification of the text. The observations take into account the perceived sacred dimension of the texts, from copies of the Qurʾān to ʿAjamī works, and the different level of standardization of their written manifestations. This approach is intended to highlight the results of the cultural interplay between the scribal models acquired and their local reinterpretation in order to identify reference models and determine the criteria at the base of the processes of ʿAjamization of these scribal practices. I hope that the characteristics described in this article will represent the starting point for comparative studies of scribal practices between different Ethiopian regions and with other regions of the Islamic world.... -
FUTUL Al Habash ...V1-2 (Amharic)Date: 1974 -
FUTUL Al Habash ...V1-1 (Amharic)Date: 1974 -
ENCYCLOPAEDIA AETHIOPICADate: -
Qexebti KeetabDate: 2012...በዚህ ጽሑፍ የመጀመሪያ ክፍል የሀረሪ እደ-ጽሁፍ መዛግብት ቅርስ አስመልክ አጭር ዳሰሳ በተደረገበት በዚሁ የመጀመሪያ ምዕራፍ የሀረሪዎች ቀደምት አያቶች ስለሆየሐርላ ሕዝቦች ጥንታዊ ስልጣኔ እና የድንጋይ ላይ ጽሁፎች እንዲሁም የሀረሪ የእጅ-ጽሁፍውጤት ስለሆኑት ፈትሕ እና መስኖይ ተካተዋል፡፡ በሁለተኛው ክፍል ስለ ኪታብ አል-ፈራኢድ አጠቃላይ መግለጫ፣ በአማርኛ ትርጉሙ፣ የጽሁፉን አደረጃጀት፣ የጽሁፉን ስነ-ጽሁፋዊ ይዘት ማብራሪያ እንዲሁም የጽሁፉ አስተምህሮዎች ላይ ማብራሪያ እና ትንታኔቀርቧል፡፡ በመቀጠልም በዚሁ ጽሁፍ ሦስተኛው ክፍል የሀረሪ እጅ-ጽሑፍ ዓይነቶች ዝርዝር(catalogue) እና እነኚሁ ስብስቦች የት እንደሚገኙ በዝርዝር ተገልጿል፡፡ በመጨረሻም የጽሁፉመቋጫ ማጠቃላያ በምዕራፍ አራት ተጠቃሎ ቀርቧል፡፡.... -
Some Further Remarks on the Old Harari -Kitab alfarayidDate:Some Further Remarks on the Old Harari -Kitab alfarayid -
Masaliqal Absar fi Mamalikal AmsarDate: 1349The earliest Arabic historian literature of Abyssinia and the Muslim sultanates in the 14th Century Ibn Fadlallah Al Umri had gathered his information on Abyssinia and the Muslim sultanates in the region first hand. During the years 1332 to 1338 ad he interviewed an Ethiopian jurisprudent from Zaila by ‘Abdallah ibn Yusuf az-Zailaiy. A resident in Cairo for a long time, he died in the sixties of the fourteenth century. Another informant of Al Umri was the Coptic Patriarch Benjamin who transmitted a report of a merchant named ‘Izzaddin on climate conditions and mineral resources in Abyssinia, mainly on mines of iron and gold, or silver. He also utilized the reports of a Nubian slave-trader on the very unpleasant practices on the castration of eunuch slaves, called Hawashiya, in Hadiya and the town of Washal or Washelo . The result is a detailed and vivid account of Abyssinia, its nature, vegetation, climate conditions and way of living of the inhabitants. The data so provided were extensively quarried by the great compilers of the next generation, the Egyptian encyclopedist al Qalqashand. Ib Fadlallah Al Umri is the first Arab historian to write the details of the Seven Muslim Sultanates within near the boundary of Abyssinia, or within today's Ethiopia, ie; Awfat, Dwaro, Arabini, Hadiya, Sharha, Bali & Darah. His work is referenced by renown World Historians and academic researchers when dealing with Medieval Abyssinia and their surrounding Muslim principalities in the Horn of Africa. -
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ኢልሊ ዋ ሊሚDate: 2012/2020A Collaboration Of Everything Harar And Harari Regional Bureau ዞኩትዞም ኪታብ ኩፎኝ መናወጥሌ አመታች አት ሔለቃ የኽኒማም ሰብሪዋ ኢማንባሕ ዪ ዊቂር ኪታቡ አታይዞ መቦረድሌ ዋቴ ሆጂ ቦረድኹ፡፡ኪታብዞ ሐደፍ ኡመቱው ጌይ ሲና ሒርፈት መሌቀዋ ዪኩዛል ዊቂር ኪታባቹ ጠብ ሞኛሌ ሐፍቲ ዩኹንኩት ባኹማ ሒትፋን ረእዪያቹው አትራእኹማ ዘነበርኾቦ መዲንታ፡፡ኤሔሬይ ዪ ኪታብቤዛል ኸጠእዋ ጠብ ባይቲ ዛልባ ሺኢያችሌ ኦር ሒትፋ ንዋ ቂናኦት ራእዪ መስጣ ቢላይ ሲናንቤ መዴደቅ ሴራንታ ሰበብዞም ሜገል ኪታብዋ ዙግማ ወልዲው ዪዳሮሜልማ፡፡ ዪ ኩቱቡ ቲሒጁ ቲቀሮማ ኦር ሪኦትቤ ቀናእ ጊርጋቦት ቲስጡኝኩት አቀነኹ ዛኽ ዪቤ ቡእቲ ቀለሜው አደርቃኽ፡፡.... -
አዋቻች ዋ አላይ ኻድ ዋያችDate: 2004/2012Collaboration Of EverythingHarar and Harar Regional Cultural Bureau ሒይያ ኪታቡም አኽኸእ ወቅቲ አዋቻቹ ዪጠሉዛሉ ነቢ ዲዳች ዘልታ ሲፋ ኪልሰጡዩ ኡሱእ ዪጠለዩማ ዪድዳመሱኩት ሞሸሌ ሐፍቲያች መትረአዚዩቤዋ ኡስኦዞም አውወል ያሻው መናቀስዋ ደንታ መቅበጥዞ መትረኦዞቤ ዪ ቢሳሎት ቁራስ ዋ አዳው መቄረሕ አሳስቤ ቢሳሎት ዪኹንማ ሐልሊ ዪትፋጪኩትሌ ሒይያ ኪታብ ረእዪሌ ኪፉት ዚቴ ጠብ ባቲ፡፡ ኪታብዜ ዛል ዋቂእ ኹንቲው አዋች ዛሉቦ ኹንቲው መግለገልቲ ሞኘቤ ሙርቲዋ ተሕሲብ ዛረድቲ ተርቲብ ባሕ አኻኻች ኩፎኝ ዱፍፉን ማእሉማታች ባሕ ገበእ፡.... -
ሀረሪ ወሬግ ሲናናችDate: 2012A Collaboration Of Harari Cultural Bureau And EverythingHarar ሀረሪ ወሬግ ሲናን ኒላዉ አማረኛቤ ፈሊጣዊ አነጋገር ፤ኦሮሚፋቤ ጂቸማ /ሲጎ/ ሶማሊቤ…..ኢንግሊዝቤ /ኢድየምስ/Idiom/ ይሎሆል። ወሬግ ሲናን ሚንታ ዛነሳም ሐጪርቤ ወሬግ ሲናን ኮኦትቤ ላይ ጩቅቲያች መሳቤ ዪጠመሩማ ጩቅቲያችሶ ማእናዚዩ ሳኒ ማእናእዞዉ ዘይጊለጥማ ሒያች ዚትገለጡ ጩቅቲያች ቃጪ ሩሕዞዛጥ ማእናእ ዛላንታ። ኢስአሐዳች ወሬግ ሲናኑዉ ሐል ሲናን ዪሉዩሆል ። ሐል ሲናን ዘይቤያዊ አነጋገር ዚኻነሳአ አን ወሬግ ሲናን መለሕኹ ዚመለሕኹቦ ሰበቡም አሐድ ሲናኑዉ ኡስጡቤ የሱቻዛል፤የጢማዛል ሐዋጅዞን ማንታ። ወሬግ ሳኒ ማእናዞ ቀሐታች ዪሺላለሙቦ ዚና መሐዋ አልታ የቁምሲዛል መሐዋ አልታ አማረኛቤ ጌጥ ኒላዛናንታ። ወሬግ መሐዋ ዚና መሐዋንታ። ኢዞኩትሶም ወሬግ ዘማን ኒቀልጥጢባ ዛና ላይነት ፤አንገት ሐፍ ናሽባዛና ወክቲዉ ያራል። ወሬግ ሲናኑም ኢዞኩትሶ፡፡.. -
ሜሺያ ሉይ ጩቅቲ ኪታብ 2ታኝ ጠብዒDate: 2012/2020A collaboration of Everything Harar and Harari Cultural Bureau ዪ ጩቅቲ ኪታብ ኦርኩት ዘትኼሸበው ሺርቲዞ ሑኩማ ዲላጋ ሲናንዞ ሀረሪዋ ኦሮሞ ሲናንቤ መድለግሌ ሐፍ ባይቲዞ ሰበብ ኻነማንታ፡፡ የኽኒማም ጉዶር አመታችዞ ሺርቲዞ ሑኩመ ዪደልጊባዛል ሲናን አሕመረቤ ዚናሩ ኪል ዚትቄቀሉ ኮኦት ሉኃች መትናወጥዞሌ ሩሕዞው ዚፈረካ ኹንቲ አትኼሻ፡........ ይህ <<ሜሺያ>> መዝገበ ቃላት በአማርኛ፣ በሀረሪ፣ በኦሮሚኛና በእንግሊዝኛ ትርጉም እንዲኖረው ተደርጐ የተዘጋጀ ነው:: ይህም የሆነበት ዋናው ዓላማ የሀረሪ ሕዝብ ክልላዊ መንግስት የሥራ ቋንቋ ሀረሪና ኦሮሚፋ ቋንቋዎች ለመጀመር ሲነሳ 4ቱንም ቋንቋዎች መገልገሉ አልቀረም፡፡ የውጭ ግንኙነት ለማድረግ እንግሊዝኛን ስለሚጠቀም የፌዴራላዊና ከክልሎች ግንኙነት አማርኛን ስለሚጠቀም ሀረሪና ኦሮሚፋን ለክልሉ መንግስት ሥራ ቋንቋነት ስለሚያገለገል ነው፡፡ ስለዚህ ይህንን ሁኔታ በተመሳሳይ ትርጓሜ ማስተናገድ ስለሚያስፈልግ በ4ቱም ቋንቋ የትርጉም መዝገበ ቃላት እንዲታተም ተደርጓል..... -
ጌይ ፈቀርDate: 2012/2020A Collaboration Of Everything Harar and Harari Cultural Bureau ይህ አነስተኛ መፅሀፍ የተዘጋጀው በሀረሪ ሙዚቃ ላይ ጠለቅ ያለ ጥናት ባለመካሔዱና ለአጥኚዎች በቂ መረጃ የሚሰጥ ምንጭ እምብዛም ባለመኖሩ ነው፡፡ እንዲሁም የዚህ ሙዚቃና ባህል ባለቤት የሆኑት የሀረሪ ብሔረሰብ የራሳቸውን የሙዚቃ ስልት፣የታሪክ ኡደቱን፣ግጥሙን፣ወዘተ…ጠንቅቀው እንዲያውቁትና ጉልበት እያጣ ያለውን የሀረሪ ባህላዊ ሙዚቃ እና ልዩ የአዛዜም ስልቱ ዳግም እንዲያንዣብብ እንድሁም እንደቀረው ባህል አንድ የራሳቸው አድርገው ከራሳቸው ጋር እንዲዋሃድ ታስቦ የተዘጋጀ ነው፡፡....... -
Animal Economies and Islamic Conversion in Eastern Ethiopia: Zooarchaeological Analyses from Harlaa, Harar and Ganda HarlaDate: 2020Excavations at three urban sites, Harlaa, Harar, and Ganda Harla, in eastern Ethiopia have recovered substantial assemblages of faunal remains. These, the first to be analysed from Islamic contexts in the country, were studied to reconstruct animal economies, and to assess if it was possible to identify Islamic conversion or the presence of Muslims in archaeological contexts through examining butchery practices and diet via the species present. Differences in animal economies between the sites in, for example, management strategies, use of animals for traction, and presence of imported marine fish, infers the development of different traditions...... -
SPOKEN HARARI IN CONVERSATIONDate: 2015/ 2017 -
የእሴት እንቁ ያቀፈች፡ ታሪካዊቷ ሀረርDate: 2017/2009